A discrete video card is a must for games, but will boost the performance of other applications as well. You can find one that matches your needs and your budget as long as you keep in mind these few simple things.
AMD or Nvidia?
There are substantial differences in the technologies in AMD's and Nvidia's graphics chipsets, and if you're really picky, you may have a very good reason for choosing one over the other.
The truth, however, is that only serious, detail-obsessed gamers are going to be able to discern a difference in appearance between a game running on an AMD card and one running on a comparable product from Nvidia. Most people are going to pay more attention to how realistic a game looks and whether it stutters during play.
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A video card's graphics processing unit (GPU) is what determines its video capabilities, and many GPUs have names that are often fairly arcane and unintuitive if you don't follow the business closely. But a good rule of thumb is that the higher the number in the GPU's name, the more recent and more powerful it is.
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Memory and Clock Speed
Ultimately, video cards aren't much different from CPUs—a lot of the same rules apply, including those about memory and clock speed. Video cards have their own collections of both, although the specific values of either will usually be less immediately important than when you're choosing a system processor. It's possible for two video cards of the same type to have different amounts of memory—the GTX 580, Nvidia's single-GPU flagship from the last generation, is available with both 1.5GB and 3GB of memory—and the one with more memory will tend to be faster and cost more. Likewise, some cards might use GDDR5 memory, which is faster and more expensive than the DDR3 and GDDR3 memory other cards use. Lower-end video cards sometimes have faster clock speeds to compensate for the power they lack in other areas, but that's usually not going to translate to increased real-world performance. You only need to pay close attention to these specs if you want to fine-tune your purchase; in most cases, the name of the GPU will tell you everything you need to know about the card's capabilities.
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DirectX
Video cards will support different versions of Microsoft's DirectX collection of advanced programming interfaces (APIs), which offer different graphical and processing features. Again, the specific details are going to be important only to hard-core gamers, but the higher the version number of DirectX a card supports, the more realistic games that use it will look—and the more challenging they will be for your computer to run. The highest-level version as of spring 2012 is DirectX 11 (DX11), and cards that can run it will also be able to run the full feature sets of games written with DX10 or DX9, but DX9 or DX10 hardware won't be able to see all the effects of DX11 games (assuming they work at all). The software package or the manufacturer's website will tell you what version of DirectX is supported—always check to make sure your hardware matches up. All the latest AMD and Nvidia cards support DX11, so if you buy new you won't have a problem.
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AMD or Nvidia?
There are substantial differences in the technologies in AMD's and Nvidia's graphics chipsets, and if you're really picky, you may have a very good reason for choosing one over the other.
The truth, however, is that only serious, detail-obsessed gamers are going to be able to discern a difference in appearance between a game running on an AMD card and one running on a comparable product from Nvidia. Most people are going to pay more attention to how realistic a game looks and whether it stutters during play.
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GPUA video card's graphics processing unit (GPU) is what determines its video capabilities, and many GPUs have names that are often fairly arcane and unintuitive if you don't follow the business closely. But a good rule of thumb is that the higher the number in the GPU's name, the more recent and more powerful it is.
#################
Memory and Clock Speed
Ultimately, video cards aren't much different from CPUs—a lot of the same rules apply, including those about memory and clock speed. Video cards have their own collections of both, although the specific values of either will usually be less immediately important than when you're choosing a system processor. It's possible for two video cards of the same type to have different amounts of memory—the GTX 580, Nvidia's single-GPU flagship from the last generation, is available with both 1.5GB and 3GB of memory—and the one with more memory will tend to be faster and cost more. Likewise, some cards might use GDDR5 memory, which is faster and more expensive than the DDR3 and GDDR3 memory other cards use. Lower-end video cards sometimes have faster clock speeds to compensate for the power they lack in other areas, but that's usually not going to translate to increased real-world performance. You only need to pay close attention to these specs if you want to fine-tune your purchase; in most cases, the name of the GPU will tell you everything you need to know about the card's capabilities.
######################
DirectX
Video cards will support different versions of Microsoft's DirectX collection of advanced programming interfaces (APIs), which offer different graphical and processing features. Again, the specific details are going to be important only to hard-core gamers, but the higher the version number of DirectX a card supports, the more realistic games that use it will look—and the more challenging they will be for your computer to run. The highest-level version as of spring 2012 is DirectX 11 (DX11), and cards that can run it will also be able to run the full feature sets of games written with DX10 or DX9, but DX9 or DX10 hardware won't be able to see all the effects of DX11 games (assuming they work at all). The software package or the manufacturer's website will tell you what version of DirectX is supported—always check to make sure your hardware matches up. All the latest AMD and Nvidia cards support DX11, so if you buy new you won't have a problem.
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